One of the most common ways to detect breast cancer is through mammograms, which are X-ray images of the breast. Mammograms can identify abnormal growths or lumps in the breast tissue before they become noticeable. Doctors recommend regular mammograms, especially for women over the age of 40, as early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Advanced digital mammography and 3D mammography (tomosynthesis) provide even more detailed imaging, making it easier to detect small tumors.

Another method for detecting breast cancer is clinical breast exams, which are physical examinations performed by a healthcare professional. During the exam, the doctor or nurse palpates the breasts and underarm area to check for lumps, changes in size, or abnormalities in the skin or nipple. While clinical breast exams are not as effective as mammograms for early detection, they can help identify suspicious changes that require further testing, such as an ultrasound or biopsy.

A third important method is self-breast exams, where individuals check their own breasts for changes in texture, size, or the presence of lumps. While self-exams are not a definitive way to diagnose breast cancer, they empower individuals to be proactive about their health and detect abnormalities early. Any unusual findings should be reported to a doctor for further evaluation. Combining self-exams with regular screenings like mammograms and clinical breast exams increases the chances of detecting breast cancer in its early stages, leading to better treatment outcomes.